MD-Community Medicine Course in India

Community Medicine is a new branch of medicine. It is often considered synonymous with Preventive and Social Medicine (PSM) , Public Health, and Community Health. All these share common ground, i.e., prevention of disease and promotion of health. In short, Community Medicine provides comprehensive health services ranging from preventive, promotive, curative to rehabilitative services. The importance of the specialty of Community Medicine has been very well recognized and emphasized repeatedly from grass root to international levels, not only in health sector but in other related sectors too. The scope of medicine has expanded during the last few decades to include not only health problems of individuals, but those of communities as well. If we want to achieve Health For All, Community Medicine will definitely be the key factor during the next millennium.

Community Medicine developed as a branch of medicine distinct from Public Health. By definition, Community medicine is applied to ‘healthy’ people, customarily by actions affecting large numbers or populations. Its primary objective is prevention of disease and promotion of health. The development of laboratory methods for the early detection of disease was a further advance. Community Medicine has been defined as that specialty which deals with populations, and comprises those doctors who try to measure the needs of the population, both sick and well, who plan and administer services to meet those needs, and those who are engaged in research and teaching in the field.

MD-Community Medicine Seats Distribution in Karnataka

Institution Name	University Name	Management	Intake
A J Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	03
Basaveswara Medical College & Hospital, Chitradurga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Dr BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
Govt. Medical College, Mysore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	03
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum	KLE University, Belgaun	Trust	05
JJM Medical College, Davangere	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
JSS Medical College, Mysore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore	Nitte University, Mangalore	Trust	05
KVG Medical College, Sullia	RGUHS, Banglore	Trust	03
Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	03
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal	Manipal University, Manipal	Trust	04
Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	06
M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Navodaya Medical College, Raichur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	01
Rajarajeswari Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	06
S S Institute of Medical Sc. & Research Centre, Davangere	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
S. Nijalingappa Med. Coll. & HSK Hosp. & Research Centre, Bagalkot	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
SDM Medical College, Dharwad	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Shri B M Patil Med. Coll., Hospital & Research Centre, Bijapur	BLDE University, Bijapur	Trust	02
Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Kolar	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	06
Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	01
Vydehi Institute Of Medical Sc. & Research Centre, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore	Yenepoya Univ., Mangalore	Trust	04

*RGUHS-Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.

MD-Bio-Physics Course in India

Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that uses the methods of, and theories from physics to study biological systems. Biophysics spans all levels of biological organization, from the molecular scale to whole organisms and ecosystems. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, nanotechnology, bio-engineering, agro-physics, and systems biology. It has been suggested as a bridge between biology and physics.

It describes how organisms go about getting food, communicating, sensing the environment, and reproducing. On the other hand, physics looks for mathematical laws of nature and makes detailed predictions about the forces that drive idealized systems. Spanning the distance between the complexity of life and the simplicity of physical laws is the challenge of biophysics. Looking for the patterns in life and analyzing them with math and physics is a powerful way to gain insights.

MD-Bio-Physics Seats Distribution in India

Institution Name	University Name	Management	Intake
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi	Statutory Autonomous	Govt.	03
Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varansi	Banaras Hindu University	Govt.	01

MD-Bio-Chemistry Course in India

Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within, and relating to, living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last 40 years biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine are engaged in biochemical research. Today the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.

Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.

Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macro-molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine , nutrients , and agriculture. in nutrients , biochemist , investigate the causes and cures of disease in nutrients , they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. in agriculture , biochemist investigate soil and fertilizers , ant try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.

MD-BioChemistry Seats Distribution in Karnataka

Institution Name	University Name	Management	Intake
A J Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	03
Basaveswara Medical College & Hospital, Chitradurga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Dr BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
ESI-PGIMSR, ESI Hospital, Rajajinnagar,Banglore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	03
Father Mullers Institute of Medical Education & Research, Mangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Govt. Medical College, Mysore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	01
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum	KLE University, Belgaun	Trust	03
JJM Medical College, Davangere	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	08
JSS Medical College, Mysore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore	Nitte University, Mangalore	Trust	03
Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore	Manipal University, Manipal	Trust	05
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal	Manipal University, Manipal	Trust	04
Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Navodaya Medical College, Raichur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Rajarajeswari Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	05
S S Institute of Medical Sc. & Research Centre, Davangere	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
S. Nijalingappa Med. Coll. & HSK Hosp. & Research Centre, Bagalkot	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	01
Shri B M Patil Med. Coll., Hospital & Research Centre, Bijapur	BLDE University, Bijapur	Trust	01
Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Kolar	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	01
Vydehi Institute Of Medical Sc. & Research Centre, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore	Yenepoya Univ., Mangalore	Trust	02

*RGUHS-Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.

MD-Aviation Medicine Course in India

Aviation medicine, also called flight medicine or aerospace medicine, is a preventive or occupational medicine in which the patients/subjects are pilots, aircrews, or persons involved in spaceflight. The specialty strives to treat or prevent conditions to which aircrews are particularly susceptible, applies medical knowledge to the human factors in aviation and is thus a critical component of aviation safety. A military practitioner of aviation medicine may be called a flight surgeon and a civilian practitioner is an aviation medical examiner.

MD-Aviation Medicine Seats Distribution in India

Institution Name	University Name	Management	Intake
Institute of Aerospace Medicine Indian Air Force, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	17

*RGUHS-Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.

MD-Anesthesiology Course in India

Anesthesia, or anaesthesia (from Greek αν-, an-, "without"; and αἴσθησις, aisthēsis, "sensation"), traditionally meant the condition of having sensation (including the feeling of pain) blocked or temporarily taken away. It is a pharmacologically induced and reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes, decreased stress response, or all of these simultaneously. These effects can be obtained from a single drug which alone provides the correct combination of effects, or occasionally a combination of drugs (such as hypnotics, sedatives, paralytics and analgesics) to achieve very specific combinations of results. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. An alternative definition is a "reversible lack of awareness," including a total lack of awareness (e.g. a general anesthetic) or a lack of awareness of a part of the body such as a spinal anesthetic. The pre-existing word anesthesia was suggested by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. in 1846 as a word to use to describe this state.

Types of anesthesia include local anesthesia, regional anesthesia, general anesthesia, and dissociative anesthesia. Local anesthesia inhibits sensory perception within a specific location on the body, such as a tooth or the urinary bladder. Regional anesthesia renders a larger area of the body insensate by blocking transmission of nerve impulses between a part of the body and the spinal cord. Two frequently used types of regional anesthesia are spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia. General anesthesia refers to inhibition of sensory, motor and sympathetic nerve transmission at the level of the brain, resulting in unconsciousness and lack of sensation. Dissociative anesthesia uses agents that inhibit transmission of nerve impulses between higher centers of the brain (such as the cerebral cortex) and the lower centers, such as those found within the limbic system.

MD-Anesthesiology Seats Distribution in Karnataka

Institution Name	University Name	Management	Intake
A J Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	05
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	09
Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	05
Dr BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
ESI-PGIMSR, ESI Hospital, Rajajinnagar,Banglore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	04
Father Mullers Institute of Medical Education & Research, Mangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Govt. Medical College, Mysore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	06
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum	KLE University, Belgaun	Trust	05
JJM Medical College, Davangere	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	12
JSS Medical College, Mysore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	08
K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore	Nitte University, Mangalore	Trust	10
K V G Medical College, Sullia	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	04
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore	Manipal University, Manipal	Trust	10
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal	Manipal University, Manipal	Trust	08
Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	06
Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
MVJ Medical College & Research Hospital, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
Navodaya Medical College, Raichur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Rajarajeswari Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	05
S S Institute of Medical Sc. & Research Centre, Davangere	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
S. Nijalingappa Med. Coll. & HSK Hosp. & Research Centre, Bagalkot	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
SDM Medical College, Dharwad	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
Shri B M Patil Med. Coll., Hospital & Research Centre, Bijapur	BLDE University, Bijapur	Trust	03
Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Kolar	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	06
Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	03
Vydehi Institute Of Medical Sc. & Research Centre, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	06
Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore	Yenepoya Univ., Mangalore	Trust	09

*RGUHS-Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.

MCh - Super Speciality Chirurgical Degree Courses

M.Ch is a 2 years super specialty program in surgery. The entry requirement for this course is MS (Master of Surgery)

Name of the Course	Status of MCI Recognition
	R	NR	Total
MCh-Cardio Thoracic Surgery	20	11	31
MCh-Gi Surgery	-	4	4
MCh-Neuro Surgery	57	17	74
MCh-Oncology	6	-	6
MCh-Paediatric Surgery	20	11	31
MCh-Plastic Surgery	29	23	52
MCh-Surgical Oncology	5	4	9
MCh-Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery	16	12	28
MCh-Thoracic Surgery	5	4	9
MCh-Urology	28	17	45

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MD - Post Graduate Medical Degree (Doctor of Medicine)
MS - Post Graduate Surgical Degree (Master of Surgery)
DM - Super Speciality Degree (Doctor of Medicine)

DM - Super Speciality Degree Courses

Doctor of Medicine (DM)
DM is a super specialty program in medicine of 2 to 3 years duration. The entry requirement for this course is MD (Doctor of Medicine)

Name of the Course	Status of MCI Recognition
	R	NR	Total
DM-Cardiology	52	17	69
DM-Clinical Pharmacology	6	1	7
DM-Endocrinology	8	8	16
DM-Gastroenterology	6	5	11
DM-Medical Gastroenterology	-	18	18
DM-Medical Oncology	9	12	21
DM-Neonatology	4	8	12
DM-Nephrology	3	20	23
DM-Neurology	30	9	39
DM-Neuro Radiology	-	1	1
DM-Pulmonary Medicine	-	4	4

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MD - Post Graduate Medical Degree (Doctor of Medicine)
MS - Post Graduate Surgical Degree (Master of Surgery)
MCh - Super Speciality Degree (Master of Chirurgical)

MS - Post Graduate Surgical Degree Courses

Master of Surgery (MS)
The Master of Surgery is an advanced qualification in surgery. It is most commonly abbreviated Ch.M. or MS, as well as M.Ch. and M.Chir. from its Latin name, Magister Chirurgiae or the English form of Master of Surgery.

Name of the Course	Status of MCI Recognition
	R	NR	Total
MS-Anatomy	132	49	181
MS-ENT	180	79	259
MS-General Surgery	892	124	1016
MS-Obstetrics & Gynaecology	41	13	54
MS-Opthalmology	302	72	374
MS-Orthopaedics	268	97	365

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MD - Post Graduate Medical Degree (Doctor of Medicine)
DM - Super Speciality Degree (Doctor of Medicine)
MCh - Super Speciality Degree (Master of Chirurgical)

MD - Post Graduate Medical Degree Courses

Doctor of Medicine (MD)
Doctor of Medicine (MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine") is a terminal degree for physicians and surgeons. In some countries it is a professional doctorate where training is entered after obtaining between 90 and 120 credit hours of university level work and in most cases after obtaining a Bachelor's Degree.

In other countries, such as India, Egypt, the United Kingdom and Germany, the MD is a research degree equivalent to a Ph.D. In Britain, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Ireland, and many Commonwealth nations, the medical degree is instead the MBBS i.e., Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB ChB, MB BChir, BM BCh, MB BCh, MBBS, BMBS, BMed, BM) and MD is a higher level of attainment.

Name of the Course	Status of MCI Recognition
	R	NR	Total
MD-Anesthesiology	461	120	581
MD-Aviation Medicine	10	-	10
MD-Bio-Chemistry	63	52	115
MD-Bio-Physics	4	-	4
MD-Community Medicine	22	71	93
MD-Dermatology	33	54	87
MD-Dermatology & Venerology	37	1	38
MD-Dermatology, Venerology & Leprosy	13	-	13
MD-Forensic Medicine	34	45	79
MD-General Medicine	960	119	1079
MD-Geriatrics	-	2	2
MD-Health Administration	-	11	11
MD-Hospital Administration	8	-	10
MD-Lab Medicine	-	2	2
MD-Microbiology	112	72	184
MD-Nuclear Medicine	-	2	2
MD-Obstetrics & Gynaecology	535	116	651
MD-Opthalmology	24	-	24
MD-Paediatrics	399	87	486
MD-Pathology	325	77	402
MD-Pharmacology	122	69	191
MD-Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	-	7	7
MD-Physiology	116	66	182
MD-Psychiatry	71	56	127
MD-Radiology	13	33	46
MD-Radio Diagnosis	93	108	201
MD-Radiotherapy	32	37	69
MD-R & D	1	-	1
MD-Social &amp Preventive Medicine	118	-	118
MD-Tuberclosis & Respiratory Diseases	24	60	84
MD-Venerology	3	18	21

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MS - Post Graduate Surgical Degree (Master of Surgery)
DM - Super Speciality Degree (Doctor of Medicine)
MCh - Super Speciality Degree (Master of Chirurgical)

Post Graduate Medical Diploma Courses

Post Graduate (PG) Diploma in Medicine is a programme which can be pursued after completing MBBS degree from an institute recognized by Medical Council of India. Duration of the course can vary from one year to three years, depending on the type of specialty one is pursuing or the institute offering the course. During the course, one learns more about the practical aspects of the course rather than the theoretical aspects of the specialization course one opts for. At the end of the course, the candidate receives a PG Diploma Certificate.

Name of the Course	Status of MCI Recognition
	R	NR	Total
Diploma in Anesthesia	381	152	533
Diploma in Bacteriology	6	-	-
Diploma in Child Health	299	184	483
Diploma in Community Medicine	-	18	18
Diploma in Clinical Pathology	100	132	232
Diploma in Dermatology	16	19	35
Diploma in Diabetology	-	14	14
Diploma in Forensic Medicine	10	16	26
Diploma in Health Administration	-	6	6
Diploma in Health Promotion & Education	-	50	50
Diploma in Leprosy	2	-	2
Diploma in Immuno-Haemotology & Blood Transfusion	-	6	6
Diploma in Industrial Hygiene	-	2	2
Diploma in Medical Virology	4	-	4
Diploma in Obstetrics & Gynaecology	392	274	666
Diploma in Occupational Health	-	25	25
Diploma in Opthalmology	217	147	364
Diploma in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology	152	101	253
Diploma in Orthopaedics	119	128	247
Diploma in Physical Medicine	-	6	6
Diploma in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	-	4	4
Diploma in Public Health	21	39	60
Diploma in Psychological Medicine	38	64	102
Diploma in Radiation Medicine	6	-	6
Diploma in Radio-Diagnosis	105	135	240
Diploma in Radio Therapy	6	24	30
Diploma in Sports Medicine	6	-	6
Diploma in Tropical Medicine Health	-	24	24
Diploma in Tuberclosis & Chest Diseases	28	42	70
Diploma in Venerology & Dermatology	39	45	84

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Post Graduate Medical Degree Courses

Post Graduate Medical Degree Courses

The post graduate degree courses offered in various medical subjects lead to the degree of MD, MS, DM or MCh. The surgical courses lead to the degree of MS or MCh whereas the courses related to medicine lead to the degree of MD or DM.

1. MD - Post Graduate Medical Degree (Doctor of Medicine)
2. MS - Post Graduate Surgical Degree (Master of Surgery)
3. DM - Super Speciality Degree (Doctor of Medicine)
4. MCh - Super Speciality Degree (Master of Chirurgical)

Post Graduate Medical Courses in India

The Medical Council of India (MCI) is a statutory body with the responsibility of establishing and maintaining high standards of medical education and recognition of medical qualifications in India. It registers doctors to practice in India, in order to protect and promote the health and safety of the public by ensuring proper standards in the practice of medicine.

Medical Council of India (MCI) Courses:

1. PG Medical Degree Courses
2. PG Medical Diploma Courses